Introduction
The first Budget from a Labour government since March 2010, and the first ever from a female Chancellor, proved to be the defining event that had been widely anticipated. From the moment in late July when Rachel Reeves unveiled her “£22 billion black hole” and announced means-testing for the winter fuel payment, it was clear her Budget premiere would be a challenging one for both the government and the governed.
Budget highlights
1.) The main rate of class 1 employer national insurance contributions (NICs) will be increased from 13.8% to 15.0% with effect from 6 April 2025 and the secondary threshold at which NICs are payable will be reduced from £9,100 to £5,000.
2.) The main rates of capital gains tax will increase with immediate effect to 18% for non and basic rate taxpayers and 24% for higher and additional rate taxpayers. The rate for business asset disposal relief will rise to 14% for 2025/26 and 18% from 2026/27.
3.) Inheritance tax (IHT) business and agricultural 100% reliefs will be capped at a combined total of £1 million from April 2026. Above that, the rate of tax relief will be 50%. However, the cap will not apply to AIM shares which will just qualify for 50% relief. Unused pension funds and death benefits will form part of a person’s estate for IHT purposes from 6 April 2027.
4.) The additional SDLT rate for second homes and buy-to-let properties increases from 3% to 5% from 31 October 2024. The temporary increases in the 0% SDLT band for first time and other property buyers will end on 31 March 2025.
5.) VAT at 20% will be applied to private school education and boarding services from 1 January 2025. From 1 April 2025, charitable relief for business rates will be withdrawn.
6.) Subscription limits for individual savings accounts (ISAs), Junior ISAs and Lifetime ISAs will be frozen until April 2030
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